What type of oil is typically used in refrigeration compressors?

Refrigeration compressors primarily utilize synthetic oil or mineral oil due to their specific properties that suit the high-pressure and temperature environments in which these systems operate.

Mineral oil is derived from refining crude oil and has proven effective in traditional refrigeration systems, offering good lubrication, stability, and thermal performance. Synthetic oil, on the other hand, is engineered to provide superior characteristics, such as enhanced thermal stability, lower pour points, and improved lubrication at colder temperatures. These features are crucial in maintaining efficient compressor performance, reducing wear and tear, and prolonging the lifespan of the equipment.

Using water-based oil would lead to immediate issues such as rust and corrosion within the compressor, as it does not provide the necessary lubrication nor withstand the conditions present in refrigeration systems. Vegetable oil could also break down and degrade under the high temperatures experienced in compressors and may not mix well with refrigerants. Petroleum jelly, while it provides some lubricating properties, is not suitable for the demands of refrigeration since it would not circulate effectively and could create blockages.

Thus, the combination of synthetic and mineral oils offers the best performance, compatibility with refrigerants, and durability necessary for the operation of refrigeration compressors.